最简单的方法是使用vue-cli-plugin-cesium插件

安装方式：

vue add vue-cli-plugin-cesium

此时运行会出现如下的错误：

ERROR  ValidationError: Invalid options object. Copy Plugin has been initialized using an options object that does not match the API schema.
         - options[0] misses the property 'patterns'. Should be:
         ......

降低copy-webpack-plugin的版本到4.0.1，

......

"dependencies": {
    "cesium": "1.70.0",
    "copy-webpack-plugin": "^4.0.1",
    "core-js": "^3.8.3",
    "vue": "^3.2.13"
  }

......

运行运行npm install，然后再npm run serve即可，此时cesium示例就可以跑起来了。
此时项目虽然是可以运行的，但是如果你在JavaScript代码里面使用Cesium变量，还是会出现如下的错误。

error  ‘Cesium‘ is not defined no-undef

这是因为vue找不到Cesium这个全局变量导致的，解决办法是打开vue.config.js文件，添加如下配置即可：

module.exports = defineConfig({
  ......
  configureWebpack: {
    devtool: 'source-map',
    externals: {
      "Cesium": "Cesium"
    },
  },
  ......
})

这时候运行yarn serve命令，仍然会出现如下的错误

ERROR in ./node_modules/@cesium/engine/Source/Core/Resource.js 1877:57-71
Module not found: Error: Can't resolve 'http' in '/Users/menglikun/git/village-web/node_modules/@cesium/engine/Source/Core'

BREAKING CHANGE: webpack < 5 used to include polyfills for node.js core modules by default.
This is no longer the case. Verify if you need this module and configure a polyfill for it.

If you want to include a polyfill, you need to:
        - add a fallback 'resolve.fallback: { "http": require.resolve("stream-http") }'
        - install 'stream-http'
If you don't want to include a polyfill, you can use an empty module like this:
        resolve.fallback: { "http": false }

解决办法是先安装node-polyfill-webpack-plugin

npm install node-polyfill-webpack-plugin

然后修改vue.config.js文件，添加node-polyfill-webpack-plugin插件即可

// 头部引入
const NodePolyfillPlugin = require('node-polyfill-webpack-plugin')

module.exports = defineConfig({
  transpileDependencies: true,
  devServer: {
    port: 8380,     // 端口号
  },
  configureWebpack: {
    devtool: 'source-map',
    externals: {
      "Cesium": "Cesium"
    },
    plugins: [new NodePolyfillPlugin()] //添加插件
  }
})